Senate Bill No. 375–Senator Schneider

March 11, 1999

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Referred to Committee on Commerce and Labor

 

SUMMARY—Makes various changes to provisions governing trade secrets. (BDR 52-900)

FISCAL NOTE: Effect on Local Government: No.

Effect on the State or on Industrial Insurance: Yes.

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EXPLANATION – Matter in bolded italics is new; matter between brackets [omitted material] is material to be omitted. Green numbers along left margin indicate location on the printed bill (e.g., 5-15 indicates page 5, line 15).

 

AN ACT relating to trade secrets; prohibiting certain acts related to trade secrets; authorizing a court to award exemplary damages in certain circumstances; clarifying certain means that a court may use to preserve the secrecy of an alleged trade secret; providing a penalty; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

1-1 Section 1. Chapter 600A of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto

1-2 a new section to read as follows:

1-3 A person who, with intent to injure an owner of a trade secret or with

1-4 reason to believe that his actions will injure an owner of a trade secret,

1-5 without limitation:

1-6 1. Steals, misappropriates, takes or conceals a trade secret or obtains

1-7 a trade secret through fraud, artifice or deception;

1-8 2. Wrongfully copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs,

1-9 alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails,

1-10 communicates or conveys a trade secret;

1-11 3. Receives, buys or possesses a trade secret with knowledge or

1-12 reason to know that the trade secret was obtained as described in

1-13 subsection 1 or 2;

1-14 4. Attempts to commit an offense described in subsection 1, 2 or 3;

1-15 5. Solicits another person to commit an offense described in

1-16 subsection 1, 2 or 3; or

1-17 6. Conspires to commit an offense described in subsection 1, 2 or 3,

1-18 and one of the conspirators performs an act to further the conspiracy,

2-1 is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in

2-2 the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a

2-3 maximum term of not more than 10 years and may be further punished

2-4 by a fine of not more than $10,000.

2-5 Sec. 2. NRS 600A.030 is hereby amended to read as follows:

2-6 600A.030 As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise

2-7 requires:

2-8 1. "Improper means" includes [theft, bribery, misrepresentation,

2-9 breach] , without limitation:

2-10 (a) Theft;

2-11 (b) Bribery;

2-12 (c) Misrepresentation;

2-13 (d) Willful breach or willful inducement of a breach of a duty to

2-14 maintain secrecy [, and espionage] ;

2-15 (e) Willful breach or willful inducement of a breach of a duty imposed

2-16 by common law, statute, contract, license, protective order or other court

2-17 or administrative order; and

2-18 (f) Espionage through electronic or other means.

2-19 2. "Misappropriation" means:

2-20 (a) Acquisition of the trade secret of another by a person by improper

2-21 means;

2-22 (b) Acquisition of a trade secret of another by a person who knows or

2-23 has reason to know that the trade secret was acquired by improper means;

2-24 [(b)] or

2-25 (c) Disclosure or use of a trade secret of another without express or

2-26 implied consent by a person who:

2-27 (1) Used improper means to acquire knowledge of the trade secret;

2-28 (2) At the time of disclosure or use, knew or had reason to know that

2-29 his knowledge of the trade secret was:

2-30 (I) Derived from or through a person who had used improper

2-31 means to acquire it;

2-32 (II) Acquired under circumstances giving rise to a duty to maintain

2-33 its secrecy or limit its use; or

2-34 (III) Derived from or through a person who owed a duty to the

2-35 person seeking relief to maintain its secrecy or limit its use; or

2-36 (3) Before a material change of his position, knew or had reason to

2-37 know that it was a trade secret and that knowledge of it had been acquired

2-38 by accident or mistake.

2-39 3. "Owner" means the person who holds legal or equitable title to a

2-40 trade secret.

2-41 4. "Person" means a natural person, corporation, business trust, estate,

2-42 trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, governmental

2-43 subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.

3-1 [4.] 5. "Trade secret" means information, including , without

3-2 limitation, a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method,

3-3 technique [or process,] , product, system, process, design, prototype,

3-4 procedure, computer programming instruction or code that:

3-5 (a) Derives independent economic value, [present] actual or potential,

3-6 from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by

3-7 proper means by [,] the public or any other persons who can obtain

3-8 commercial or economic value from its disclosure or use; and

3-9 (b) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances

3-10 to maintain its secrecy.

3-11 Sec. 3. NRS 600A.040 is hereby amended to read as follows:

3-12 600A.040 1. Actual or threatened misappropriation may be enjoined.

3-13 Upon application to the court, an injunction must be terminated when the

3-14 trade secret has ceased to exist, but the injunction may be continued for an

3-15 additional reasonable period of time [in order] to eliminate commercial or

3-16 other advantage that otherwise would be derived from the

3-17 misappropriation.

3-18 2. In exceptional circumstances, an injunction may condition future use

3-19 upon payment of a reasonable royalty for no longer than the period of time

3-20 for which use could have been prohibited. Exceptional circumstances

3-21 include a material and prejudicial change of position before acquiring

3-22 knowledge or reason to know of misappropriation that renders a prohibitive

3-23 injunction inequitable.

3-24 3. In appropriate circumstances, the court may order affirmative acts to

3-25 protect a trade secret.

3-26 Sec. 4. NRS 600A.050 is hereby amended to read as follows:

3-27 600A.050 1. Except to the extent that a material and prejudicial

3-28 change of position before acquiring knowledge or reason to know of

3-29 misappropriation renders a monetary recovery inequitable, a complainant is

3-30 entitled to recover damages for misappropriation. Damages include both

3-31 loss caused by misappropriation and unjust enrichment caused by

3-32 misappropriation that is not taken into account in computing the loss. In

3-33 lieu of damages measured by any other methods, damages caused by

3-34 misappropriation may be measured by imposition of liability for a

3-35 reasonable royalty for a misappropriator’s unauthorized disclosure or use of

3-36 a trade secret.

3-37 2. If willful [and malicious misappropriation] , wanton or reckless

3-38 misappropriation or disregard of the rights of the owner of the trade

3-39 secret exists, the court may award exemplary damages in an amount not

3-40 exceeding twice the award made under subsection 1.

4-1 Sec. 5. NRS 600A.070 is hereby amended to read as follows:

4-2 600A.070 In [an action under this chapter,] any civil or criminal

4-3 action, the court shall preserve the secrecy of an alleged trade secret by

4-4 reasonable means, which may include [granting] , without limitation:

4-5 1. Granting protective orders in connection with discovery

4-6 proceedings [, holding] ;

4-7 2. Holding hearings in camera [, sealing] ;

4-8 3. Sealing the records of the action [, and ordering] ;

4-9 4. Determining the need for any information related to the trade

4-10 secret before allowing discovery;

4-11 5. Allowing the owner of the trade secret to obtain a signed

4-12 agreement of confidentiality from any party who obtains knowledge of

4-13 the trade secret;

4-14 6. Ordering a person who obtains knowledge of the trade secret to

4-15 return to the owner of the trade secret any writing which reflects or

4-16 contains the trade secret; and

4-17 7. Ordering any person involved in the litigation not to disclose an

4-18 alleged trade secret without previous court approval.

4-19 Sec. 6. NRS 600A.090 is hereby amended to read as follows:

4-20 600A.090 1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, this

4-21 chapter displaces conflicting tort, restitutionary, and other law of this state

4-22 providing civil remedies for misappropriation of a trade secret.

4-23 2. This chapter does not affect:

4-24 (a) Contractual remedies, whether or not based upon misappropriation

4-25 of a trade secret;

4-26 (b) Other civil remedies that are not based upon misappropriation of a

4-27 trade secret; or

4-28 (c) [Criminal] Except as otherwise provided in section 1 of this act,

4-29 criminal sanctions, whether or not based upon misappropriation of a trade

4-30 secret.

4-31 Sec. 7. NRS 600A.020 is hereby repealed.

 

4-32 TEXT OF REPEALED SECTION

 

4-33 600A.020 Uniform application and construction. This chapter

4-34 shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make

4-35 uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states

4-36 enacting it.

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