Senate Bill No. 501–Committee on Government Affairs
(On Behalf of Committee on Local Government Finance)
March 22, 1999
____________
Referred to Committee on Government Affairs
SUMMARY—Amends various provisions concerning disclosures required on ballot questions for certain elections for approval of general obligations and additional property tax. (BDR 30-878)
FISCAL NOTE: Effect on Local Government: No.
Effect on the State or on Industrial Insurance: No.
~
EXPLANATION – Matter in
bolded italics is new; matter between brackets
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
1-1
Section 1. Chapter 350 of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto a1-2
new section to read as follows:1-3
1. The committee on local government finance shall provide to each1-4
city clerk, county clerk and district attorney:1-5
(a) Forms for submitting a ballot question to the electors of a1-6
municipality for the issuance or incurrence of general obligations as1-7
provided in subsection 1 of NRS 350.020; and1-8
(b) Examples of past ballot questions for the issuance or incurrence of1-9
general obligations.1-10
2. The city clerk, county clerk or district attorney may make these1-11
forms and examples available to the general public.2-1
Sec. 2. NRS 350.020 is hereby amended to read as follows: 350.020 1. Except as otherwise provided by subsections 3 and 4, if a2-3
municipality proposes to issue or incur general obligations, the proposal2-4
must be submitted to the electors of the municipality at a special election2-5
called for that purpose or the next general municipal election or general2-6
state election.2-7
2. Such a special election may be held:2-8
(a) At any time , including, without limitation, on the date of a primary2-9
municipal election or a primary state election, if the governing body of2-10
the municipality determines, by a unanimous vote, that an emergency2-11
exists; or2-12
(b) On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in June of an odd-2-13
numbered year.2-14
The determination made by the governing body is conclusive unless it is2-15
shown that the governing body acted with fraud or a gross abuse of2-16
discretion. An action to challenge the determination made by the governing2-17
body must be commenced within 15 days after the governing body’s2-18
determination is final. As used in this subsection, "emergency" means any2-19
occurrence or combination of occurrences which requires immediate action2-20
by the governing body of the municipality to prevent or mitigate a2-21
substantial financial loss to the municipality or to enable the governing2-22
body to provide an essential service to the residents of the municipality.2-23
3. If payment of a general obligation of the municipality is additionally2-24
secured by a pledge of gross or net revenue of a project to be financed by2-25
its issue, and the governing body determines, by an affirmative vote of two-2-26
thirds of the members elected to the governing body, that the pledged2-27
revenue will at least equal the amount required in each year for the payment2-28
of interest and principal, without regard to any option reserved by the2-29
municipality for early redemption, the municipality may, after a public2-30
hearing, incur this general obligation without an election unless, within 602-31
days after publication of a resolution of intent to issue the bonds, a petition2-32
is presented to the governing body signed by not less than 5 percent of the2-33
registered voters of the municipality who together with any corporate2-34
petitioners own not less than 2 percent in assessed value of the taxable2-35
property of the municipality. Any member elected to the governing body2-36
whose authority to vote is limited by charter, statute or otherwise may vote2-37
on the determination required to be made by the governing body pursuant2-38
to this subsection. The determination by the governing body becomes2-39
conclusive on the last day for filing the petition. For the purpose of this2-40
subsection, the number of registered voters must be determined as of the2-41
close of registration for the last preceding general election and assessed2-42
values must be determined from the next preceding final assessment roll.2-43
An authorized corporate officer may sign such a petition whether or not he3-1
is a registered voter. The resolution of intent need not be published in full,3-2
but the publication must include the amount of the obligation and the3-3
purpose for which it is to be incurred. Notice of the public hearing must be3-4
published at least 10 days before the day of the hearing. The publications3-5
must be made once in a newspaper of general circulation in the3-6
municipality. When published, the notice of the public hearing must be at3-7
least as large as 5 inches high by 4 inches wide.3-8
4. Until June 30, 2008, the board of trustees of a school district may3-9
issue general obligation bonds which are not expected to result in an3-10
increase in the existing property tax levy for the payment of bonds of the3-11
school district without holding an election for each issuance of the bonds if3-12
the qualified electors approve a question submitted by the board of trustees3-13
that authorizes issuance of bonds in such a manner. If the question is3-14
approved, the board of trustees of the school district may issue the bonds,3-15
after obtaining the approval of the debt management commission in the3-16
county in which the school district is located and, in a county whose3-17
population is 100,000 or more, the approval of the oversight panel for3-18
school facilities established pursuant to NRS 393.092 in that county, if the3-19
board of trustees of the school district finds that the existing tax for debt3-20
service will at least equal the amount required to pay the principal and3-21
interest on the outstanding general obligations of the school district and the3-22
general obligations proposed to be issued. The finding made by the board3-23
of trustees is conclusive in the absence of fraud or gross abuse of3-24
discretion. As used in this subsection, "general obligations" does not3-25
include medium-term obligations issued pursuant to NRS 350.085 to3-26
350.095, inclusive.3-27
5. At the time of issuance of bonds authorized pursuant to subsection 4,3-28
the board of trustees shall establish a reserve account in its debt service3-29
fund for payment of the outstanding bonds of the school district. The3-30
reserve account must be established and maintained in an amount at least3-31
equal to the lesser of the amount of principal and interest payments due on3-32
all of the outstanding bonds of the school district in the next fiscal year or3-33
10 percent of the outstanding principal amount of the outstanding bonds of3-34
the school district. If the amount in the reserve account falls below the3-35
amount required by this subsection:3-36
(a) The board of trustees shall not issue additional bonds pursuant to3-37
subsection 4 until the reserve account is restored to the level required by3-38
this subsection; and3-39
(b) The board of trustees shall apply all of the taxes levied by the school3-40
district for payment of bonds of the school district that are not needed for3-41
payment of the principal and interest on bonds of the school district in the3-42
current fiscal year to restore the reserve account to the level required3-43
pursuant to this subsection.4-1
6. A municipality may issue special or medium-term obligations4-2
without an election.4-3
Sec. 3. NRS 350.020 is hereby amended to read as follows: 350.020 1. Except as otherwise provided by subsection 3, if a4-5
municipality proposes to issue or incur general obligations, the proposal4-6
must be submitted to the electors of the municipality at a special election4-7
called for that purpose or the next general municipal election or general4-8
state election.4-9
2. Such a special election may be held:4-10
(a) At any time , including, without limitation, the date of a primary4-11
municipal election or a primary state election, if the governing body of4-12
the municipality determines, by a unanimous vote, that an emergency4-13
exists; or4-14
(b) On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in June of an odd-4-15
numbered year.4-16
The determination made by the governing body is conclusive unless it is4-17
shown that the governing body acted with fraud or a gross abuse of4-18
discretion. An action to challenge the determination made by the governing4-19
body must be commenced within 15 days after the governing body’s4-20
determination is final. As used in this subsection, "emergency" means any4-21
occurrence or combination of occurrences which requires immediate action4-22
by the governing body of the municipality to prevent or mitigate a4-23
substantial financial loss to the municipality or to enable the governing4-24
body to provide an essential service to the residents of the municipality.4-25
3. If payment of a general obligation of the municipality is additionally4-26
secured by a pledge of gross or net revenue of a project to be financed by4-27
its issue, and the governing body determines, by an affirmative vote of two-4-28
thirds of the members elected to the governing body, that the pledged4-29
revenue will at least equal the amount required in each year for the payment4-30
of interest and principal, without regard to any option reserved by the4-31
municipality for early redemption, the municipality may, after a public4-32
hearing, incur this general obligation without an election unless, within 604-33
days after publication of a resolution of intent to issue the bonds, a petition4-34
is presented to the governing body signed by not less than 5 percent of the4-35
registered voters of the municipality who together with any corporate4-36
petitioners own not less than 2 percent in assessed value of the taxable4-37
property of the municipality. Any member elected to the governing body4-38
whose authority to vote is limited by charter, statute or otherwise may vote4-39
on the determination required to be made by the governing body pursuant4-40
to this subsection. The determination by the governing body becomes4-41
conclusive on the last day for filing the petition. For the purpose of this4-42
subsection, the number of registered voters must be determined as of the4-43
close of registration for the last preceding general election and assessed5-1
values must be determined from the next preceding final assessment roll.5-2
An authorized corporate officer may sign such a petition whether or not he5-3
is a registered voter. The resolution of intent need not be published in full,5-4
but the publication must include the amount of the obligation and the5-5
purpose for which it is to be incurred. Notice of the public hearing must be5-6
published at least 10 days before the day of the hearing. The publications5-7
must be made once in a newspaper of general circulation in the5-8
municipality. When published, the notice of the public hearing must be at5-9
least as large as 5 inches high by 4 inches wide.5-10
4. A municipality may issue special or medium-term obligations5-11
without an election.5-12
Sec. 4. NRS 350.022 is hereby amended to read as follows: 350.022 1. Whenever a municipality by ordinance or resolution, as5-14
the governing body may determine, has ordered that a proposal to issue or5-15
incur general obligations be submitted to the voters at a special election or5-16
the next5-17
state election, the clerk shall cause notice of the election to be published in5-18
a newspaper printed in and having a general circulation in the municipality5-19
once in each calendar week for 2 successive calendar weeks by two weekly5-20
insertions a week apart, the first publication to be not more than 30 days5-21
nor less than 22 days next preceding the date of the election.5-22
2. If no newspaper is printed in the municipality, publication of the5-23
notice of election must be made in a newspaper printed in the State of5-24
Nevada and having a general circulation in the municipality.5-25
Sec. 5. NRS 350.024 is hereby amended to read as follows: 350.024 1. The ballot question for a proposal submitted to the5-27
electors of a municipality pursuant to subsection 1 of NRS 350.020 must5-28
contain the principal amount of the general obligations to be issued or5-29
incurred, the purpose of the issuance or incurrence of the general5-30
obligations and an estimate established by the governing body of:5-31
(a) The duration of the levy of property tax that will be used to pay the5-32
general obligations; and5-33
(b) The average annual increase, if any, in the amount of property5-34
taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of $100,0005-35
will pay for debt service on the general obligations to be issued or5-36
incurred.5-37
2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection5-38
required to be mailed pursuant to NRS 293.565 or 293C.530 and the notice5-39
of election must contain:5-40
(a) The time and places of holding the election.5-41
(b) The hours during the day in which the polls will be open, which must5-42
be the same as provided for general elections.5-43
(c)6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
(d) The maximum amount of the obligations, including the anticipated6-10
interest, separately stating the total principal, the total anticipated interest6-11
and the anticipated interest rate.6-12
6-13
6-14
and cents per $100 of assessed value necessary to provide for debt service6-15
upon the obligations for the dates when they are to be redeemed. The6-16
municipality shall, for each such date, furnish an estimate of the assessed6-17
value of the property against which the obligations are to be issued or6-18
incurred, and the governing body shall estimate the tax rate based upon the6-19
assessed value of the property as given in the assessor’s estimates.6-20
6-21
with the question to issue obligations, the questions may be combined, but6-22
the sample ballot and notice of election must each state the tax rate required6-23
for the obligations separately from the rate proposed for operation and6-24
maintenance.6-25
6-26
inclusive, and section 1 of this act, may be consolidated with a primary or6-27
general municipal election or a primary or general state election. The notice6-28
of election need not set forth the places of holding the election, but may6-29
instead state that the places of holding the election will be the same as those6-30
provided for the election with which it is consolidated.6-31
6-32
of the close of registration to be published in a newspaper printed in and6-33
having a general circulation in the municipality once in each calendar week6-34
for 2 successive calendar weeks next preceding the close of registration for6-35
the election.6-36
Sec. 6. NRS 244A.789 is hereby amended to read as follows: 244A.789 1. The budget of a district for the support of public parks6-38
must comply with the provisions of NRS 354.470 to 354.626, inclusive, but6-39
need not be separately prepared and may be included within the county6-40
budget. The district is not entitled to any share of revenue from the6-41
supplemental city-county relief tax.6-42
2. The governing body may submit to the registered voters of the6-43
district at a primary or general election:7-1
(a) A proposal to issue general obligation bonds of the district to finance7-2
the acquisition, construction, equipment and improvement of one or more7-3
park projects within the district, or outside the district if the governing body7-4
finds that the park project will benefit the residents of the district, but the7-5
amount of general obligation bonds or other securities so issued may not7-6
exceed 10 percent of the assessed valuation of the taxable property in the7-7
district. The ballot question for such a proposal must contain the7-8
principal amount of the general obligation bonds to be issued, the7-9
purpose of the issuance of the bonds and the estimate established by the7-10
governing body of:7-11
(1) The duration of the levy of property tax that will be used to pay7-12
the general obligations; and7-13
(2) The average annual increase, if any, in the amount of property7-14
taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of $100,0007-15
will pay for debt service on the general obligation bonds to be issued.7-16
(b) A proposal to levy a tax ad valorem pursuant to NRS 354.5982 for:7-17
(1) Any of the purposes described in paragraph (a);7-18
(2) Maintenance of public parks located within the district;7-19
(3) Maintenance of public parks located outside the district if the7-20
governing body finds that the parks benefit the residents of the district; or7-21
(4) Any combination of those purposes.7-22
3. The ballot question for a proposal submitted to the registered7-23
voters pursuant to paragraph (b) of subsection 2 must contain the rate of7-24
the proposed additional property tax stated in dollars and cents per $1007-25
assessed valuation, the purpose of the proposed additional property tax,7-26
the duration of the proposed additional property tax and an estimate7-27
established by the governing body of the increase in the amount of7-28
property taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of7-29
$100,000 will pay per year as a result of the passage of the question.7-30
4. As used in this section, "park project" has the meaning ascribed to it7-31
in NRS 244A.039.7-32
7-33
county may issue bonds of the district as provided in chapter 350 of NRS.7-34
Sec. 7. Chapter 354 of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto a7-35
new section to read as follows:7-36
1. The committee on local government finance shall provide to each7-37
city clerk, county clerk and district attorney:7-38
(a) Forms for submitting a ballot question to the registered voters of a7-39
local government for the imposition of an additional property tax7-40
pursuant to NRS 354.5982; and7-41
(b) Examples of past ballot questions for the imposition of an7-42
additional property tax.8-1
2. The city clerk, county clerk or district attorney may make these8-2
forms and examples available to the general public.8-3
Sec. 8. NRS 354.5982 is hereby amended to read as follows: 354.5982 1. The local government may exceed the limit imposed by8-5
NRS 354.59811 upon the calculated receipts from taxes ad valorem only if8-6
its governing body proposes to its registered voters an additional8-7
8-8
8-9
the proposal is approved by a majority of the voters voting on the question8-10
at a8-11
election called for that purpose. The question submitted to the voters must8-12
contain the rate of the proposed additional property tax stated in dollars8-13
and cents per $100 assessed valuation, the purpose of the proposed8-14
additional property tax, the duration of the proposed additional property8-15
tax and an estimate established by the governing body of the increase in8-16
the amount of property taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair8-17
market value of $100,000 will pay per year as a result of the passage of8-18
the question. The duration of the levy must not exceed 30 years. The8-19
governing body may discontinue the levy before it expires and may not8-20
thereafter reimpose it in whole or in part without following the procedure8-21
required for its original imposition.8-22
2. A special election may be held8-23
(a) At any time, including, without limitation, on the date of a primary8-24
city election or a primary state election, if the governing body of the local8-25
government determines, by a unanimous vote, that an emergency exists8-26
or8-27
(b) On the date of a general city election.8-28
The determination made by the governing body is conclusive unless it is8-29
shown that the governing body acted with fraud or a gross abuse of8-30
discretion. An action to challenge the determination made by the governing8-31
body must be commenced within 15 days after the governing body’s8-32
determination is final. As used in this subsection, "emergency" means any8-33
unexpected occurrence or combination of occurrences which requires8-34
immediate action by the governing body of the local government to prevent8-35
or mitigate a substantial financial loss to the local government or to enable8-36
the governing body to provide an essential service to the residents of the8-37
local government.8-38
3. To the allowed revenue from taxes ad valorem determined pursuant8-39
to NRS 354.59811 for a local government, the executive director of the8-40
department of taxation shall add any amount approved by the legislature for8-41
the cost to that local government of any substantial program or expense8-42
required by legislative enactment.9-1
Sec. 9. Chapter 387 of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto a9-2
new section to read as follows:9-3
1. The committee on local government finance shall provide to each9-4
county clerk and district attorney:9-5
(a) Forms for submitting a ballot question to the registered voters of a9-6
county for the imposition of an additional property tax pursuant to NRS9-7
387.3285; and9-8
(b) Examples of past ballot questions for the imposition of an9-9
additional property tax.9-10
2. The county clerk or district attorney may make these forms and9-11
examples available to the general public.9-12
Sec. 10. NRS 387.3285 is hereby amended to read as follows: 387.3285 1. Upon the approval of a majority of the registered voters9-14
of a county voting upon the question9-15
the board of county commissioners in each county with a school district9-16
whose enrollment is fewer than 25,000 pupils may levy a tax which, when9-17
combined with any tax imposed pursuant to NRS 387.3287, is not more9-18
than 75 cents on each $100 of assessed valuation of taxable property within9-19
the county. The question submitted to the registered voters must9-20
9-21
of the proposed additional property tax, stated in dollars and cents per9-22
$100 assessed valuation, the purpose of the proposed additional property9-23
tax, the duration of the proposed additional property tax and an estimate9-24
established by the board of trustees of the increase in the amount of9-25
property taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of9-26
$100,000 will pay per year as a result of the passage of the question. The9-27
duration may not exceed 20 years.9-28
2. Upon the approval of a majority of the registered voters of a county9-29
voting upon the question9-30
county commissioners in each county with a school district whose9-31
enrollment is 25,000 pupils or more may levy a tax which, when combined9-32
with any tax imposed pursuant to NRS 387.3287, is not more than 50 cents9-33
on each $100 of assessed valuation of taxable property within the county.9-34
The question submitted to the registered voters must9-35
9-36
proposed additional property tax, stated in dollars and cents per $1009-37
assessed valuation, the purpose of the proposed additional property tax,9-38
the duration of the proposed additional property tax and an estimate9-39
established by the board of trustees of the increase in the amount of9-40
property taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of9-41
$100,000 will pay per year as a result of the passage of the question. The9-42
duration may not exceed 20 years.10-1
3. Any money collected pursuant to this section must be deposited in10-2
the county treasury to the credit of the fund for capital projects to be held10-3
and, except as otherwise provided in NRS 387.3287, to be expended in the10-4
same manner as other money deposited in that fund.10-5
4. A special election may be held:10-6
(a) At any time, including, without limitation, on the date of a primary10-7
city election or a primary state election if the board of trustees of the10-8
school district determines, by a unanimous vote, that an emergency10-9
exists; or10-10
(b) On the date of a general city election.10-11
The determination made by the board of trustees in conclusive unless it is10-12
shown that the board of trustees acted with fraud or a gross abuse of10-13
discretion. An action to challenge the determination made by the board10-14
of trustees must be commenced within 15 days after the determination10-15
made by board of trustees is final. As used in this subsection,10-16
"emergency" means an unexpected occurrence or combination of10-17
occurrences that requires immediate action by the board of trustees of10-18
the school district to prevent or mitigate a substantial financial loss to the10-19
school district or to enable the board of trustees to provide an essential10-20
service.10-21
Sec. 11. NRS 387.3287 is hereby amended to read as follows: 387.3287 1. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 4 and 5,10-23
upon the approval of a majority of the registered voters of a county voting10-24
upon the question, the board of county commissioners in each county may10-25
levy a separate tax pursuant to the provisions and subject to the limitations10-26
of10-27
2. Money raised pursuant to this section must be deposited in the10-28
county treasury to the credit of the fund for capital projects and must be10-29
maintained in a separate budgetary account for the replacement of capital10-30
assets. All interest and income earned on the money in the account must be10-31
credited to the account. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3,10-32
money in the account must only be expended for the renovation or10-33
replacement of depreciating capital assets of the county school district.10-34
3. Money raised pursuant to this section may be expended for the10-35
construction of new buildings for schools to accommodate community10-36
growth if the expenditure is approved by a majority of the registered voters10-37
of the county voting upon the question. An expenditure proposed pursuant10-38
to the provisions of this subsection must be submitted as a separate10-39
question to the voters on the ballot at a primary, general or special election.10-40
4. The replacement value of the capital assets of a county school10-41
district must be determined by the board of trustees of the county school10-42
district before any property tax is levied pursuant to subsection 1. The10-43
replacement value may be redetermined before July 1 of each year to11-1
become effective for the purposes of this section on the first day of the next11-2
fiscal year.11-3
5. The property tax authorized in subsection 1 may not be imposed or11-4
collected if the account for the replacement of capital assets contains11-5
revenue in an amount equal to or more than 30 percent of the replacement11-6
value of the capital assets of the county school district.11-7
Sec. 12. NRS 543.600 is hereby amended to read as follows: 543.600 1. In a county whose population is 400,000 or more, the11-9
board of county commissioners shall hold public hearings before deciding11-10
which one or combination of the powers set forth in subsections 3 and 4 is11-11
to be used to provide revenue for the support of the district. The method11-12
selected must be approved by a majority of the voters of the district voting11-13
on the question at a special, primary or general election. The ballot11-14
question submitted to the voters must contain the rate of the proposed11-15
additional property tax stated in dollars and cents per $100 assessed11-16
valuation, the purpose of the proposed additional property tax, the11-17
duration of the proposed additional property tax and an estimate11-18
established by the governing body of the increase in the amount of11-19
property taxes that an owner of a new home with a fair market value of11-20
$100,000 will pay per year as a result of passage of the question.11-21
2. A special election may be held only if the board of county11-22
commissioners determines, by a unanimous vote, that an emergency exists.11-23
The determination made by the board is conclusive unless it is shown that11-24
the board acted with fraud or a gross abuse of discretion. An action to11-25
challenge the determination made by the board must be commenced within11-26
15 days after the board’s determination is final. As used in this subsection,11-27
"emergency" means any unexpected occurrence or combination of11-28
occurrences which requires immediate action by the board of county11-29
commissioners to prevent or mitigate a substantial financial loss to the11-30
district or county or to enable the board to provide an essential service to11-31
the residents of the district.11-32
3. The board of county commissioners in such a county may levy and11-33
collect taxes ad valorem upon all taxable property in the county. This levy11-34
is not subject to the limitations imposed by NRS 354.59811. A district for11-35
which a tax is levied pursuant to this subsection is not entitled to receive11-36
any distribution of revenue from the supplemental city-county relief tax.11-37
4. The board of county commissioners in such a county may impose a11-38
tax of not more than 0.25 percent on retail sales and the storage, use or11-39
other consumption of tangible personal property in the county. The11-40
ordinance imposing this tax must conform, except as to amount, to the11-41
requirements of chapter 377 of NRS and the tax must be paid as provided11-42
in that chapter.12-1
5. In any other county, the board of county commissioners may only12-2
levy taxes ad valorem upon all taxable property in the district.12-3
6. In any county, the board of directors may use any other money,12-4
including federal revenue sharing, that is made available to the district.12-5
Sec. 13. On or before April 1, 2000, the committee on local12-6
government finance shall provide the forms in sections 1, 4 and 6 of this act12-7
to each clerk of a local government and to each district attorney.12-8
Sec. 14. NRS 387.601 is hereby repealed.12-9
Sec. 15. 1. This section, section 1 and sections 3 to 14, inclusive, of12-10
this act become effective on October 1, 1999.12-11
2. Section 2 of this act becomes effective at 12:02 a.m. on July 1, 2008.12-12
3. Section 1 of this act expires by limitation on June 30, 2008.
12-13
TEXT OF REPEALED SECTION387.601 Determination by board of county commissioners that
12-15
emergency exists necessary to hold special election; action to challenge12-16
determination.12-17
1. For the purposes of NRS 387.3285, 387.3287 and 387.541, a special12-18
election may be held only if the board of county commissioners determines,12-19
by a unanimous vote, that an emergency exists.12-20
2. The determination made by the board is conclusive unless it is12-21
shown that the board acted with fraud or a gross abuse of discretion. An12-22
action to challenge the determination made by the board must be12-23
commenced within 15 days after the board’s determination is final.12-24
3. As used in this section, "emergency" means any unexpected12-25
occurrence or combination of occurrences which requires immediate action12-26
by the board to prevent or mitigate a substantial financial loss to the district12-27
or county or to enable the board to provide an essential service to the12-28
residents of the county.~