Senate Bill No. 8–Senator Rawson
CHAPTER........
AN ACT relating to barbering; prohibiting the refunding of the fee for an examination for
licensure by the state barbers' health and sanitation board if the applicant, without
good cause, fails to appear for the examination; requiring persons who are required
to display their licenses to provide identification upon the request of a representative
of the board; exempting prisoners from the provisions regulating the practice of
barbering; increasing the bond and salary of the secretary-treasurer of the board;
providing a penalty; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN
SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Chapter 643 of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto
the provisions set forth as sections 2 and 3 of this act.
Sec. 2.
1. An applicant for a license pursuant to the provisions ofthis chapter who, without good cause, fails to appear for an examination
of the board after notification by the board of his eligibility to take the
examination:
(a) Is not entitled to receive a refund of the fee for that examination;
and
(b) Must reapply to take the examination by filing a new application
and paying the fee for the examination.
2. The board shall, by regulation, define "good cause" for the
purposes of this section.
Sec. 3.
A person who is required to display a license issued pursuantto the provisions of this chapter shall, upon the request of an authorized
representative of the board, provide to that representative identification in
the form of a driver's license or identification card with a photograph that
has been issued by a state, the District of Columbia or the United States.
Sec. 4.
NRS 643.010 is hereby amended to read as follows:643.010 As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. "Barber school" includes a school of barbering, college of barbering
[, barber college ,] and any other place or institution of instruction training
persons to engage in the practice of barbering.
2. "Barbershop" [embraces] means any establishment or place of
business [wherein] where the practice of barbering is engaged in or carried
on.
3. "Board" means the state barbers' health and sanitation board.
4. "Instructor" means any person [certified] who is licensed by the
board pursuant to the provisions of this chapter to instruct the practice of
barbering in a barber school.
5. "Licensed apprentice" means a person who is licensed to engage in
the practice of barbering as an apprentice pursuant to the provisions of
this chapter. 6. "Licensed barber" means a person who is licensed to engage in the
practice of barbering pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.
7. "Practice of barbering" [is defined to be any of, or any combination
of, or all] means any of the following practices for cosmetic purposes:
(a) Shaving or trimming the beard, cutting or trimming the hair, or hair
weaving.
(b) Giving massages of the face or scalp or treatments with oils, creams,
lotions or other preparations, [either] by hand or mechanical appliances.
(c) Singeing, shampooing or dyeing the hair, or applying hair tonics.
(d) Applying cosmetic preparations, antiseptics, powders, oils or lotions
to the scalp, face or neck.
(e) Arranging, fitting, cutting, styling, cleaning, coloring or dyeing a
hairpiece or wig, whether made of human hair or synthetic material. This
does not restrict any establishment from setting or styling a hairpiece or wig
in preparation for retail sale.
[6. "Practitioner of barbering" means a person engaged in any of the
practices designated in subsection 5.
7.] 8. "Student" means a person receiving instruction in a barber school.
Sec. 4.5. NRS 643.019 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.019 This chapter does not apply [:
1. To persons] to:
1. Persons licensed pursuant to chapter 644 of NRS.
2. [To embalmers] Embalmers or undertakers in cutting the hair or
trimming the beard of any deceased person in preparation for burial or
cremation.
3. A prisoner who cuts hair in the city or county jail, state prison, or
other detention or correctional facility in which he is incarcerated.
Sec. 5. NRS 643.020 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.020 1. The state barbers' health and sanitation board, consisting
of four members, is hereby created.
2. The board consists of the state health officer, or a member of his staff
designated by the state health officer, and three members who are
[
barber
must be from Clark County, one barber must be from WashoeCounty and one
barber must be from any county in the state. Each of thebarbers must have been a resident of this state and a practicing
licensed
barber for at least 5 years immediately before his appointment.3. The governor may remove a member of the board for cause.
Sec. 6. NRS 643.030 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.030 1. The board shall elect a president. No person may serve as
president for more than 4 consecutive years.
2. The board shall elect a vice president.
3. The board shall elect a secretary-treasurer, who may or may not be a
member of the board. The board shall fix the salary of the secretary-
treasurer, which must not exceed the sum of
4. Each officer and member of the board is entitled to receive
: (a) A salary of not more than $80 per day, as fixed by the board, while
engaged in the business of the board; and
(b) A per diem allowance and travel expenses at a rate fixed by the
board, while engaged in the business of the board. The rate must not exceed
the rate provided for state officers and employees generally.
5. While engaged in the business of the board, each employee of the
board is entitled to receive a per diem allowance and travel expenses at a
rate fixed by the board. The rate must not exceed the rate provided for state
officers and employees generally.
6. The secretary-treasurer shall:
(a) Keep a record of all proceedings of the board.
(b) Give to
sufficient sureties, for the faithful performance of his duties. The bond must
be approved by the board.
Sec. 7. NRS 643.050 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.050 1. The board
(a) To maintain] may:
(a) Maintain offices in as many [localities in the] locations in this state
as it finds necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
(b) [To employ] Employ attorneys, investigators and other professional
consultants and clerical personnel necessary to the discharge of its duties.
(c) [To make reasonable rules and regulations for the administration of]
Adopt regulations necessary to carry out
the provisions of this chapter.2. The board shall prescribe
, by regulation, sanitary requirements forbarbershops and barber schools.
3. Any member of the board or its agents or assistants
authority to] may enter and inspect any barbershop or barber school at any
time during business hours or at any time when the practice of barbering or
instruction in [such] that practice is being carried on.
4. The board shall keep a record of its proceedings relating to the
issuance, refusal, renewal, suspension and revocation of [certificates of
registration. This record shall also] licenses. The record must contain the
name, place of business and residence of each [registered barber and
registered apprentice,] licensed barber, licensed apprentice and instructor,
and the date and number of his [certificate of registration. This record shall]
license. The record must be open to public inspection at all reasonable
times.
5. The board [shall have power to] may approve and, by official order,
[to] establish the days and hours when barbershops may remain open for
business whenever agreements fixing such opening and closing hours have
been signed and submitted to the board by any organized and representative
group of licensed barbers of at least 70 percent of the licensed barbers of
any county. The board [shall have like power to] may investigate the
reasonableness and propriety of the hours fixed by such an agreement, as is
conferred by the provisions of this chapter, and the board may fix hours for
any portion of a county. 6. The board [shall have authority to adopt and enforce reasonable rules
and] may adopt regulations governing the conduct of barber schools [.
7. The board shall have authority to prescribe] and the course of study
of barber schools.
Sec. 8. NRS 643.070 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.070 Any person is qualified to receive a [certificate of registration]
license
as a barber:1. Who is qualified under the provisions of NRS
2. Who is at least 18 years of age.
3. Who is of good moral character and temperate habits.
4. Who has
(a) Practiced
as amonths under the immediate personal supervision of a
barber
; or(b) Complied with
the requirements of NRS 643.085.5. Who has passed an examination conducted by the board to determine
his fitness to practice as a
6. Who has had a chest X-ray, the results of which indicate he is not
tuberculous, and a blood test, the results of which indicate he is not a carrier
of communicable diseases.
Sec. 9. NRS 643.080 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.080 Any person is qualified to receive a
as a registered] license as an apprentice:
1. Who is at least 16 1/2 years of age.
2. Who is of good moral character and temperate habits.
3. Who has graduated from a school of barbering approved by the
board.
4. Who has passed an examination conducted by the board to determine
his fitness to practice as a [registered] licensed apprentice.
5. Who has had a chest X-ray, the results of which indicate he is not
tuberculous, and a blood test, the results of which indicate he is not a carrier
of communicable diseases.
Sec. 10. NRS 643.085 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.085 [For the purpose of issuing a certificate of registration as a
barber, a] A person who:
1. Is licensed pursuant to the provisions of chapter 644 of NRS [who
has] ; and
2. Has
completed 400 hours of specialized training at a barber school
may
take the examination for a license as abarber
without beingSec. 11. NRS 643.090 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.090 1. Each applicant for a
practitioner of barbering] license as a barber or an apprentice must file an
application verified by him for an examination before the board. 2. The application must be in a form prescribed by the board and
include the social security number of the applicant.
3. Each application must be accompanied by the fees [provided]
prescribed
by subsection 4.4. The board shall annually fix the examination fees, which must not be
more than $100.
5. Each applicant must, at the time of filing the application, file a
certificate
free from tuberculosis and other communicable diseases.
Sec. 12. NRS 643.095 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.095 1. An applicant for the issuance or renewal of a
of registration] license as a barber [or registered apprentice shall] , an
apprentice or an instructor must submit to the board the statement
prescribed by the welfare division of the department of human resources
pursuant to NRS 425.520. The statement must be completed and signed by
the applicant.
2. The board shall include the statement required pursuant to subsection
1 in:
(a) The application or any other forms that must be submitted for the
issuance or renewal of the [certificate of registration;] license; or
(b) A separate form prescribed by the board.
3. A [certificate of registration] license as a barber [or registered] , an
apprentice
or an instructor may not be issued or renewed by the board ifthe applicant:
(a) Fails to submit the statement required pursuant to subsection 1; or
(b) Indicates on the statement submitted pursuant to subsection 1 that he
is subject to a court order for the support of a child and is not in compliance
with the order or a plan approved by the district attorney or other public
agency enforcing the order for the repayment of the amount owed pursuant
to the order.
4. If an applicant indicates on the statement submitted pursuant to
subsection 1 that he is subject to a court order for the support of a child and
is not in compliance with the order or a plan approved by the district
attorney or other public agency enforcing the order for the repayment of the
amount owed pursuant to the order, the board shall advise the applicant to
contact the district attorney or other public agency enforcing the order to
determine the actions that the applicant may take to satisfy the arrearage.
Sec. 13. NRS 643.100 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.100 1. Not less than three times each year, at such times and
places as it determines, the board shall conduct examinations to determine
the fitness of each of the following:
(a) Applicants for
licenses as
barbers.(b) Applicants for
licenses as
apprentices.(c) Applicants to enter barber schools
. 2. The examination of applicants for
registered] licenses as barbers and [as registered apprentices shall include
both] apprentices must include a practical demonstration and a written and
oral test [, and shall embrace] that must include the subjects usually taught
in barber schools [of barbering] approved by the board.
Sec. 14. NRS 643.110 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.110 1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, an applicant
for a license as a [practitioner of barbering] barber who fails to pass [a
satisfactory] the examination conducted by the board must continue to
practice as [an] a licensed apprentice for an additional 3 months before he
[
license
as a barber.2. An applicant for a license as a
is a cosmetologist licensed pursuant to
the provisions of chapter 644 ofNRS and who fails to pass
board must complete further study as prescribed by the board, not exceeding
250 hours, in a
barber schoolhe
a barber.
3. An applicant for a
an apprentice who fails to pass the examination provided for in NRS
643.080 must complete further study as prescribed by the board in a barber
school approved by the board
a license as an apprentice.
4. An applicant for a license as an instructor who fails to pass the
examination provided for in NRS 643.1775 must complete further study
prescribed by the board, not to exceed 250 hours, in a barber school
approved by the board before he may retake the examination for a license
as an instructor.
Sec. 15.
NRS 643.120 is hereby amended to read as follows: 643.120 Any person who has a license or certificate [of registration as a
practicing] as a barber or an apprentice from another state , the District of
Columbia or a country which has substantially the same requirements for
licensing [or registering] barbers and apprentices as are required by the
provisions of this chapter [shall] must be admitted to practice [under such
rules and regulations as the board shall prescribe under the terms of this
chapter.] as a licensed barber or apprentice pursuant to the regulations
adopted by the board.
Sec. 16. NRS 643.130 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.130 A
registered] an apprentice must be issued by the board to any applicant who:
1. Passes an examination as provided for in NRS 643.070 and 643.080;
2. Possesses the other qualifications required by the provisions of this
chapter;
3. Submits the statement required pursuant to NRS 643.095; an
d 4. Complies with the requirements set forth in the [rules and]
regulations of the board.
Sec. 17. NRS 643.140 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.140 1. [Every registered] Each licensed barber and [every
registered] each licensed apprentice who continues in active practice or
service shall biennially, on or before April 1 of each even-numbered year,
renew his [certificate of registration] license and pay the required fee. The
board shall fix the fee for renewal of a [certificate of registration,] license,
which must not be more than $60. The statement required pursuant to NRS
643.095 must be submitted with the fee. Every [certificate of registration]
license which has not been renewed before May 1 of an even-numbered
year expires on that date.
2. A [registered] licensed barber or a [registered] licensed apprentice
whose [certificate of registration] license has expired may have his
[
required pursuant to NRS 643.095 and payment of the required restoration
fee at any time within 2 years after the expiration of his
registration.] license. The board shall fix the restoration fee, which must not
be more than $120.
Sec. 18. NRS 643.150 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.150 1. [Every holder of a certificate of registration] Each
licensed barber and licensed apprentice shall display [it] his license in a
conspicuous place adjacent to or near his work chair.
2. A copy of the [rules and regulations and sanitary requirements]
regulations
adopted by the board(a) Provided
to the owner or manager of each barbershop or barberschool
(b) Displayed
in a conspicuous place inschool.
Sec. 19. NRS 643.170 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.170 1. The board shall not suspend or revoke
registration] the license of any person, or refuse to issue or renew any
[
(a) Before taking that action the board gives written notice thereof to the
accused stating the specific reason for its adverse action; and
(b) The accused is granted the opportunity to appear before the board for
a hearing within 20 days after the date of the notice.
2. The board may:
(a) Summon witnesses.
(b) Require the production of books, records and papers for
of] the hearing.
3. Subpoenas must be issued by the secretary-treasurer of the board
directed to the sheriff of the proper county to be served and returned in the
same manner as subpoenas in criminal cases. The fees and mileage of the
sheriff and witnesses must be the same as is allowed in criminal cases andmust be paid from the money of the board as other expenses of the board are
paid.
4. If the accused prevails at the hearing, the board shall grant him the
proper relief without delay.
5. Any investigation, inquiry or hearing thus authorized may be
entertained or held by or before a member or members of the board, and the
finding or order of the member or members, when approved and confirmed
by the board, shall be deemed the finding or order of the board.
Sec. 20. NRS 643.171 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.171 No person [, firm or corporation] may operate a barbershop
unless the board has issued a license to operate [such shop to such person,
firm or corporation.] a barbershop to that person.
Sec. 21. (Deleted by amendment.)
Sec. 22. NRS 643.1715 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.1715
may not be:
1. Assigned
from one person
2. Transferred
from one location to another.Sec. 23. NRS 643.1716 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.1716
operate any barbershop unless
barbershop respectively comply] he complies with all the applicable
requirements of NRS 643.200 and [with] the regulations adopted by the
board.
Sec. 24. NRS 643.172 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.172 It is unlawful for any person [, firm or corporation] to operate
a barber school unless the board has issued [to such person, firm or
corporation] a license [which is current and in good standing.] to the person
to operate the barber school.
Sec. 25. NRS 643.174 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.174 Upon receipt of an application to operate a barber school, the
board shall require the applicant, if
proprietor,
or a member, partner or officer , if the applicant is a firm,partnership or corporation, to appear personally before the board and submit
information in such form as the board may by regulation prescribe showing:
1. The location of the proposed
facilities and equipment;
2. The proposed maximum number of students to be trained at any one
time and the number of instructors to be provided;
3. The nature and terms of the applicant's right of possession of the
proposed premises, whether by lease, ownership or otherwise;
4. The financial ability of the applicant to operate the
school
in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and theregulations of the board; and
5. Such other information as the board considers necessary
. Sec. 26. NRS 643.175 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.175 1. The fee
operate a barber school, as provided in NRS 643.173,
fee will] is $250. The fee must be returned if the application is rejected.
2. The fee [to be paid by an applicant] for the renewal of a license to
operate a barber school [shall be] is $100.
3. [Every] Each license to operate a barber school which has not been
renewed during the month of April in any year [shall expire] expires on
May 1 of that year.
Sec. 27. NRS 643.176 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.176 1. The board may adopt and enforce reasonable regulations
governing:
(a) The conduct of barber schools;
(b) The course of study of barber schools;
(c) The examination of instructors;
(d) The fee for the examination of instructors, which may not exceed
$75; and
(e) The fee for the issuance and renewal of an instructor's [certificate.]
license.
2. The board shall require, as a prerequisite for the renewal of an
instructor's
seminars or other training.
Sec. 28. NRS 643.177 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.177 Any person who owns, manages, operates or controls any
barber school, or part
1. Display a sign at every entrance to the barber school indicating that
barbering is performed by students exclusively;
2. Have at least two instructors
barber school
at all timesor more students and at least
less;] two instructors available to provide instruction at all times; and
3. Comply with all other provisions of this chapter relating to barber
schools.
Sec. 29. NRS 643.1775 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.1775 The board shall [certify] license any person as an instructor
who:
1. Has applied to the board in writing on the form prescribed by the
board;
2. Holds a high school diploma or its equivalent;
3. Has paid the applicable fees;
4. Holds a [certificate of registered] license as a barber issued by the
board;
5. Submits the statement required pursuant to NRS 643.095;
6. Has practiced not less than 5 years as a full-time licensed barber in
this state , the District of Columbia or in any other state or country whose
requirements for licensing barbers are substantially equivalent to those in
this state;
[6.] 7. Has successfully completed a training program for instructors
conducted by a licensed barber school which consists of [a minimum of
400] not less than 600 hours of instruction within a 6-month period; and
[7. Successfully passes]
8. Has passed an examination for instructors administered by the board.
Sec. 30. NRS 643.1775 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.1775 The board shall license any person as an instructor who:
1. Has applied to the board in writing on the form prescribed by the
board;
2. Holds a high school diploma or its equivalent;
3. Has paid the applicable fees;
4. Holds a license as a barber issued by the board;
5. [Submits the statement required pursuant to NRS 643.095;
6.] Has practiced not less than 5 years as a full-time licensed barber in
this state, the District of Columbia or in any other state or country whose
requirements for licensing barbers are substantially equivalent to those in
this state;
[7.] 6. Has successfully completed a training program for instructors
conducted by a licensed barber school which consists of not less than 600
hours of instruction within a 6-month period; and
[8.] 7. Has passed an examination for instructors administered by the
board.
Sec. 31. NRS 643.182 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.182 1. The board may by regulation require a licensed barber to
maintain a barbershop licensed by the board as his primary base of
operation for the performance of barbering services.
2. [Nothing in this section prevents] The provisions of this section do
not prevent a licensed barber who complies with regulations adopted
pursuant to subsection 1 from providing barbering services to customers
away from his shop as a matter of convenience to those customers.
Sec. 32. NRS 643.185 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.185 1. The following are grounds for disciplinary action by the
board:
(a) Violation by any person [holding a certificate or license issued]
licensed
pursuant to the provisions of this chapter of any provision of thischapter or the regulations adopted by the board.
(b) Conviction of a felony.
(c) Malpractice or incompetency.
(d) Continued practice by a person knowingly having an infectious or
contagious disease.
(e) Advertising, practicing or attempting to practice under another's
name or trade name. (f) Drunkenness or addiction to a controlled substance.
2. If the board determines that a violation of this section has occurred, it
may:
(a) Refuse to issue or renew a
(b) Revoke or suspend a
(c) Impose a fine of not more than $1,000;
(d) Require the person to pay all costs incurred by the board relating to
the discipline of the person.
Sec. 33. NRS 643.188 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.188 1. If the board receives a copy of a court order issued
pursuant to NRS 425.540 that provides for the suspension of all
professional, occupational and recreational licenses, certificates and permits
issued to a person who is
as a barber
board shall deem the
person to be suspended at the end of the 30th day after the date on which the
court order was issued unless the board receives a letter issued to the holder
of the
public agency pursuant to NRS 425.550 stating that the holder of the
[
warrant or has satisfied the arrearage pursuant to NRS 425.560.
2. The board shall reinstate a
registered apprentice] license that has been suspended by a district court
pursuant to NRS 425.540 if the board receives a letter issued by the district
attorney or other public agency pursuant to NRS 425.550 to the person
whose [certificate of registration] license was suspended stating that the
person whose [certificate of registration] license was suspended has
complied with the subpoena or warrant or has satisfied the arrearage
pursuant to NRS 425.560.
Sec. 34. NRS 643.190 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.190 It shall be unlawful:
1. For any person in this state to engage in the practice or attempt to
practice barbering without a [certificate of registration, health and
sanitation] license issued by the board pursuant to the provisions of this
chapter.
2. For any owner or manager of any barbershop to employ a barber who
does not have a [certificate of registration, health and sanitation] license
issued by the board or whose [shop] barbershop does not meet the sanitary
requirements of the board.
3. For any person to engage in the practice of barbering without a
[certificate of registration as a registered] license as a barber issued
pursuant to the provisions of this chapter by the board.
4. For any person to serve as an apprentice under a [registered] licensed
barber without a
apprentice issued by the board. 5. For any person
[
supervision and management of a
6. For any person
to engage in the practice of barbering unless
unexpired and unrevoked certificate of registration to practice barbering or
a certificate of registration as a registered] the person holds a license as a
barber or an apprentice issued under the provisions of this chapter.
7. For any person to place a barber pole in a location that would
create or tend to create the impression to members of the general public
that a business located near the barber pole is a barbershop unless the
business employs licensed barbers. As used in this subsection, "barber
pole" means a red and white striped vertical cylinder with a ball located
on top of the cylinder.
Sec. 35.
NRS 643.200 is hereby amended to read as follows:643.200 1. It shall be unlawful for any licensed barber or apprentice:
(a) Knowingly to continue the practice of barbering, or for any student
knowingly to continue as a student in any [school or college of barbering
while such] barber school while the person has an infectious, contagious or
communicable disease.
(b) To use upon one patron a towel that has been used upon another
patron unless [and until] the towel has been relaundered.
(c) Not to provide the headrest on each chair with a relaundered towel or
a sheet of clean paper for each patron.
(d) Not to place around the patron's neck a strip of cotton, towel or
neckband so that the hair cloth does not come in contact with the neck or
skin of the patron's body.
(e) To use in the practice of barbering any styptic pencils, finger bowls,
sponges, lump alum or powder puffs. Possession of a styptic pencil, finger
bowl, sponge, lump alum or powder puff in a barbershop is prima facie
evidence that the [same] item is being used therein in the practice of
barbering.
(f) To use on any patron any razors, scissors, tweezers, combs, rubber
discs or parts of vibrators used on another patron, unless [the same be] the
items are kept in a closed compartment and immersed in boiling water or in
a solution of 2 percent carbolic acid, or its equivalent, before each [such]
use.
2. It shall be unlawful to own, manage, control or operate any
barbershop unless:
(a) Continuously hot and cold running water [be provided for, if
possible.] is provided.
(b) A recognized sign is displayed at the main entrance to the shop
indicating that it is a barbershop.
prescribe other sanitary requirements in addition to the provisions of
subsections 1 and 2 in aid or furtherance of the provisions of this chapter.] Sec. 36. NRS 643.205 is hereby amended to read as follows:
643.205 It is unlawful for any person to instruct the practice of
barbering in a barber school unless he is [certified] licensed by the board to
do so.
Sec. 37. The amendatory provisions of this act do not apply to offenses
that are committed before October 1, 1999.
Sec. 38. 1. This section and sections 1 to 29, inclusive, and sections
31 to 37, inclusive, of this act become effective on October 1, 1999.
2. Section 30 of this act becomes effective on the date on which the
provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 666 requiring each state to establish procedures
under which the state has authority to withhold or suspend, or to restrict the
use of professional, occupational and recreational licenses of persons who:
(a) Have failed to comply with a subpoena or warrant relating to a
procedure to determine the paternity of a child or to establish or enforce an
obligation for the support of a child; or
(b) Are in arrears in the payment for the support of one or more children,
are repealed by the Congress of the United States.
~