REQUIRES TWO THIRDS MAJORITY VOTE (§ 4)                 

                                            (REPRINTED WITH ADOPTED AMENDMENTS)

                                                                                    FIRST REPRINTA.B. 254

 

Assembly Bill No. 254–Assemblyman Manendo (by request)

 

February 28, 2001

____________

 

Referred to Committee on Judiciary

 

SUMMARY—Makes various changes to provisions governing marriage. (BDR 11‑95)

 

FISCAL NOTE:            Effect on Local Government: No.

                                    Effect on the State: No.

 

~

 

EXPLANATION – Matter in bolded italics is new; matter between brackets [omitted material] is material to be omitted.

Green numbers along left margin indicate location on the printed bill (e.g., 5-15 indicates page 5, line 15).

 

AN ACT relating to marriage; authorizing a county clerk to issue a marriage license for the renewal of marriage vows; authorizing the collection of fees for those licenses; revising provisions governing the requirements for a person to obtain a certificate of permission to perform marriages; providing for the expiration and renewal of such a certificate; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN

SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

 

1-1    Section 1. Chapter 122 of NRS is hereby amended by adding thereto

1-2  the provisions set forth as sections 2 and 3 of this act.

1-3    Sec. 2.  As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise

1-4  requires, “other person authorized to solemnize marriages” means a

1-5  person of any church, denomination or religious society who has been

1-6  authorized to solemnize marriages according to the usages of the church,

1-7  denomination or religious society, or any religious society not having

1-8  clergy but providing for solemnization of marriages in accordance with

1-9  the rules and customs of that society.

1-10    Sec. 3.  1.  A minister or other person authorized to solemnize

1-11  marriages pursuant to NRS 122.064 may renew a certificate of

1-12  permission to perform marriages by filing a completed renewal form with

1-13  the county clerk of the county where the original affidavit of authority to

1-14  solemnize marriages was filed.

1-15    2.  The county clerk shall develop by regulation the form for renewal

1-16  and make the form available. The form for renewal must include the

1-17  social security number of the minister or other person authorized to

1-18  solemnize marriages.

1-19    3.  If a minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages

1-20  does not file a renewal form at least 30 days before the last day that his

1-21  certificate of permission is valid, the authority of the minister or other


2-1  person authorized to solemnize marriages to perform marriages will

2-2  expire when the certificate is no longer valid.

2-3    Sec. 4. NRS 122.020 is hereby amended to read as follows:

2-4    122.020  1.  A male and a female person, at least 18 years of age, not

2-5  nearer of kin than second cousins or cousins of the half blood, and not

2-6  having a husband or wife living, may be joined in marriage.

2-7    2.  A person at least 16 years of age but less than 18 years of age may

2-8  marry only if he has the consent of:

2-9    (a) Either parent; or

2-10    (b) His legal guardian.

2-11    3.  A county clerk may:

2-12    (a) Issue a marriage license to a legally married couple who intend to

2-13  renew their vows of marriage; and

2-14    (b) Collect the fees required pursuant to NRS 122.060 for issuing a

2-15  marriage license from a legally married couple who intend to renew their

2-16  vows of marriage.

2-17    4.  The provisions of this section do not prohibit the performance of a

2-18  marriage ceremony for a legally married couple who intend to renew

2-19  their vows of marriage.

2-20    Sec. 5.  NRS 122.030 is hereby amended to read as follows:

2-21    122.030  1.  With respect to any marriage solemnized before January

2-22  1, 1971, the original certificate and records of marriage made by the judge,

2-23  justice or minister, as prescribed in this chapter, and the record thereof by

2-24  the recorder of the county, or a copy or abstract of the record certified by

2-25  the recorder, must be received in all courts and places as presumptive

2-26  evidence of the fact of the marriage.

2-27    2.  With respect to any marriage solemnized on or after January 1,

2-28  1971, the original certificate and records of marriage made by the judge,

2-29  justice, minister, commissioner of civil marriages , [or] deputy

2-30  commissioner of civil marriages[,] or other person authorized to

2-31  solemnize marriages, as prescribed in this chapter, and the record thereof

2-32  by the recorder of the county, or a copy or abstract of the record certified

2-33  by the recorder, must be received in all courts and places as presumptive

2-34  evidence of the fact of the marriage.

2-35    Sec. 6.  NRS 122.050 is hereby amended to read as follows:

2-36    122.050  The marriage license must be substantially in the following

2-37  form:

 

2-38  Marriage License

2-39  (Expires 1 Year After Issuance)

 

2-40  State of Nevada}

2-41                           }ss.

2-42  County of......... }

 

2-43    These presents are to authorize any minister or other person authorized

2-44  to solemnize marriages who has obtained a certificate of permission, any

2-45  supreme court justice or district judge within this state, or justice of the

2-46  peace within a township wherein he is permitted to solemnize marriages or


3-1  if authorized pursuant to subsection 3 of NRS 122.080, or a municipal

3-2  judge if authorized pursuant to subsection 4 of NRS 122.080 or any

3-3  commissioner of civil marriages or his deputy within a commissioner

3-4  township wherein they are permitted to solemnize marriages, to join in

3-5  marriage ........ of (City, town or location) ........, State of ........ State of birth

3-6  (If not in U.S.A., name of country) ........; Date of birth ........ Father’s name

3-7  ........ Father’s state of birth (If not in U.S.A., name of country) ........

3-8  Mother’s maiden name ........ Mother’s state of birth (If not in U.S.A., name

3-9  of country) ........ Number of this marriage (1st, 2nd, etc.) ..... Wife

3-10  deceased ........ Divorced ........ Annulled ........ When ........ Where ........

3-11  And ........ of (City, town or location) ........, State of ........ State of birth (If

3-12  not in U.S.A., name of country) ........; Date of birth ........ Father’s name

3-13  ........ Father’s state of birth (If not in U.S.A., name of country) ........

3-14  Mother’s maiden name ........ Mother’s state of birth (If not in U.S.A., name

3-15  of country) ........ Number of this marriage (1st, 2nd, etc.) ..... Husband

3-16  deceased ........ Divorced ........ Annulled ........ When ........ Where ........;

3-17  and to certify the marriage according to law.

3-18    Witness my hand and the seal of the county, this ..... day of the month of

3-19  .......... of the year ............

3-20                                              ...............................

3-21  (Seal)                                                Clerk

3-22                                                                               ...............................

3-23                                                     Deputy clerk

 

3-24    Sec. 7.  NRS 122.062 is hereby amended to read as follows:

3-25    122.062  1.  Any [licensed or ordained minister in good standing

3-26  within his denomination, whose denomination, governing body and church,

3-27  or any of them, are incorporated or organized or established in this state,]

3-28  minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages, may join

3-29  together as husband and wife persons who present a marriage license

3-30  obtained from any county clerk of the state, if the minister or other person

3-31  authorized to solemnize marriages first obtains a certificate of permission

3-32  to perform marriages as provided in this section and NRS 122.064 to

3-33  122.073, inclusive. The fact that a minister or other person authorized to

3-34  solemnize marriages is retired does not disqualify him from obtaining a

3-35  certificate of permission to perform marriages . [if, before his retirement,

3-36  he had active charge of a congregation within this state for a period of at

3-37  least 3 years.]

3-38    2.  A temporary replacement for a [licensed or ordained] minister or

3-39  other person authorized to solemnize marriages certified pursuant to this

3-40  section and NRS 122.064 to 122.073, inclusive, may solemnize marriages

3-41  pursuant to subsection 1 during such time as he may be authorized to do so

3-42  by the county clerk in the county in which he is a temporary replacement,

3-43  for a period not to exceed 90 days. The minister or other person

3-44  authorized to solemnize marriages whom he temporarily replaces shall

3-45  provide him with a written authorization which states the period during

3-46  which it is effective.

3-47    3.  Any chaplain who is assigned to duty in this state by the Armed

3-48  Forces of the United States may solemnize marriages if he obtains a


4-1  certificate of permission to perform marriages from the county clerk of the

4-2  county in which his duty station is located. The county clerk shall issue

4-3  such a certificate to a chaplain upon proof by him of his military status as a

4-4  chaplain and of his assignment.

4-5    4.  A county clerk may authorize a [licensed or ordained] minister or

4-6  other person authorized to solemnize marriages whose [congregation]

4-7  church, denomination or religious society is located in another state to

4-8  perform marriages in the county if the [county clerk satisfies himself that

4-9  the minister is in good standing with his denomination or church. The

4-10  authorization must be in writing and] minister or other person authorized

4-11  to solemnize marriages files an application and affidavit that satisfies the

4-12  requirements of NRS 122.064. The application and affidavit required

4-13  pursuant to NRS 122.064 need not be filed with any other public officer.

4-14  A separate authorization is required for each marriage performed. Such a

4-15  minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages may perform

4-16  not more than five marriages in this state in any calendar year.

4-17    5.  A minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages

4-18  pursuant to subsection 1 may solemnize a marriage in any county in this

4-19  state.

4-20    Sec. 8.  NRS 122.064 is hereby amended to read as follows:

4-21    122.064  1.  A certificate of permission may be obtained only from the

4-22  county clerk of the county in which the minister or other person

4-23  authorized to solemnize marriages resides, after the filing of a proper

4-24  application. The initial application must:

4-25    (a) Be in writing and be verified by the applicant , [or] his superior[.]

4-26  or another person who is authorized by the church, denomination or

4-27  religious society of the applicant to verify the application.

4-28    (b) Include the date of licensure or ordination[, or both, of the

4-29  minister,] , if applicable, and the name of the church, denomination,

4-30  [governing body and church, or any of them,] or religious society with

4-31  which he is affiliated.

4-32    (c) Include the social security number of the applicant.

4-33    (d) Be accompanied by two copies of the [denominational standing of

4-34  the applicant,] affidavit of authority to solemnize marriages, one of which

4-35  the county clerk shall file with the secretary of state.

4-36    2.  [To determine the qualifications of any minister who has filed an

4-37  application for a certificate, the county clerk with whom the application has

4-38  been filed may require:

4-39    (a) The congregation of the minister to furnish any evidence which the

4-40  county clerk considers necessary or helpful.

4-41    (b) The district attorney and the sheriff to conduct an investigation of

4-42  the background and present activities of the minister.

4-43    3.  In addition to the requirement of good standing, the county clerk

4-44  shall, before approving an initial application, satisfy himself that:

4-45    (a) The applicant’s ministry is primarily one of service to his

4-46  congregation or denomination, and that his performance of marriages will

4-47  be incidental to that service, or, in the case of a retired minister, that his

4-48  active ministry was of such a nature.


5-1    (b) No certificate previously issued to the applicant has been canceled

5-2  for a knowing violation of the laws of this state or of the United States.

5-3    (c) The applicant has not been convicted of a felony, been released from

5-4  confinement or completed his parole or probation, whichever occurs later,

5-5  within 10 years before the date of the application.

5-6    4.  The county clerk may require any applicant to submit information in

5-7  addition to the information required by this section.] A certificate of

5-8  permission is valid for 5 years from the date of issuance or until the

5-9  county clerk revokes the certificate or has received a written statement

5-10  pursuant to NRS 122.068 that the authority of the person to solemnize

5-11  marriages has been revoked by his church, denomination or religious

5-12  society.

5-13    3.  The affidavit of authority to solemnize marriages must be in

5-14  substantially the following form:

 

5-15  Affidavit of Authority to Solemnize Marriages

 

5-16  State of Nevada     }

5-17                                }ss.

5-18  County of............. }

 

5-19    The ................................................... (name of organization) is

5-20  organized and carries on its work in the State of Nevada. Its active

5-21  meetings are located in ................................ (city, town or county). The

5-22  organization hereby finds ................................ (name of person) is in

5-23  good standing and is authorized by the organization to solemnize

5-24  marriages.

5-25    I am duly authorized by ................................................... (name of

5-26  organization) to complete and submit this affidavit.

 

5-27  ..................................

5-28  Signature of Official

5-29  ..................................

5-30    Name of Official

5-31  (type or print name)

5-32  ..................................

5-33     Title of Official

5-34  Signed and sworn to (or affirmed) before me this ....... day of the month

5-35  of ....... of the year .......

5-36  ..................................

5-37    Notary Public for

5-38  ...................... County, Nevada.

5-39  My appointment expires:    

 

5-40    Sec. 9. NRS 122.065 is hereby amended to read as follows:

5-41    122.065  1.  An applicant for the issuance or renewal of a certificate

5-42  of permission shall submit to the county clerk the statement prescribed by

5-43  the welfare division of the department of human resources pursuant to NRS

5-44  425.520. The statement must be completed and signed by the applicant.


6-1    2.  The county clerk shall include the statement required pursuant to

6-2  subsection 1 in:

6-3    (a) The application , renewal form or any other forms that must be

6-4  submitted for the issuance or renewal of the certificate of permission; or

6-5    (b) A separate form prescribed by the county clerk.

6-6    3.  A certificate of permission may not be issued or renewed by the

6-7  county clerk if the applicant:

6-8    (a) Fails to submit the statement required pursuant to subsection 1; or

6-9    (b) Indicates on the statement submitted pursuant to subsection 1 that he

6-10  is subject to a court order for the support of a child and is not in

6-11  compliance with the order or a plan approved by the district attorney or

6-12  other public agency enforcing the order for the repayment of the amount

6-13  owed pursuant to the order.

6-14    4.  If an applicant indicates on the statement submitted pursuant to

6-15  subsection 1 that he is subject to a court order for the support of a child and

6-16  is not in compliance with the order or a plan approved by the district

6-17  attorney or other public agency enforcing the order for the repayment of

6-18  the amount owed pursuant to the order, the county clerk shall advise the

6-19  applicant to contact the district attorney or other public agency enforcing

6-20  the order to determine the actions that the applicant may take to satisfy the

6-21  arrearage.

6-22    Sec. 10.  NRS 122.066 is hereby amended to read as follows:

6-23    122.066  1.  If the county clerk approves an application[,] for a

6-24  certificate of permission to perform marriages, he shall notify the

6-25  secretary of state of such approval within 10 days thereafter. After receipt

6-26  of such notification, the secretary of state shall immediately certify the

6-27  name of [such] the minister or other person authorized to solemnize

6-28  marriages to each county clerk and county recorder in the state.

6-29    2.  [A certificate of permission shall be valid until the county clerk has

6-30  received:

6-31    (a) A written statement that the minister is no longer in good standing

6-32  within his denomination, signed by a trustee, warden, responsible superior

6-33  or other officer of such minister’s congregation authorized to speak for it;

6-34  or

6-35    (b) A written statement that the minister to whom a certificate of

6-36  permission was granted is no longer a minister, signed by a trustee,

6-37  warden, responsible superior or other officer of such former minister’s

6-38  congregation authorized to speak for it.

6-39    3.  The written statements required to be sent by a trustee, warden,

6-40  responsible supervisor or other officer of a congregation pursuant to

6-41  subsection 2 shall be sent to the county clerk within 5 days following the

6-42  time the minister ceased to be a member of the denomination in good

6-43  standing or ceased to be a minister of the congregation.

6-44    4.] If the county clerk in the county where the certificate of permission

6-45  was issued has reason to believe that the minister [is no longer in good

6-46  standing within his denomination, or that he is no longer a minister, or that

6-47  such denomination no longer exists, such] or other person authorized to

6-48  solemnize marriages no longer meets the requirements of NRS 122.062,

6-49  the clerk may require satisfactory proof of [such minister’s denominational


7-1  standing.] the person’s authorization by requesting a new affidavit of

7-2  authority to solemnize marriages from the church, denomination or

7-3  religious society of the minister or other person authorized to solemnize

7-4  marriages. If such proof is not presented within [15] 30 days, the county

7-5  clerk shall revoke the certificate of permission and shall so notify the

7-6  secretary of state.

7-7    [5.  If any minister to whom a certificate of permission has been issued

7-8  severs ties with his congregation or moves from the county in which his

7-9  certificate was issued, the certificate shall expire immediately upon such

7-10  severance or move, and the trustee, warden, responsible superior or other

7-11  officer of the congregation authorized to speak for it shall, within 5 days

7-12  following the severance or move, give written notice of the fact of such

7-13  severance or move to the county clerk who issued the certificate.]

7-14    Sec. 11.  NRS 122.068 is hereby amended to read as follows:

7-15    122.068  1.  Any county clerk who has issued a certificate of

7-16  permission to perform marriages to a minister or other person authorized

7-17  to solemnize marriages pursuant to NRS 122.064 to 122.073, inclusive,

7-18  may revoke [such] the certificate for good cause shown after hearing.

7-19    2.  A church, denomination or religious society that authorized a

7-20  person to solemnize marriages which revokes that authority shall submit

7-21  a written statement to notify the county clerk of the county where the

7-22  original affidavit of authority to solemnize marriages was filed not later

7-23  than 30 days after the authority is revoked.

7-24    3.  If the certificate of permission to perform marriages of any

7-25  minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages is revoked [,]

7-26  pursuant to this section or has expired, the county clerk shall inform the

7-27  secretary of state of [such] that fact, and the secretary of state shall

7-28  immediately remove the name of [such] the minister or other person

7-29  authorized to solemnize marriages from the list and and shall notify each

7-30  county clerk and county recorder in the state [of such fact.] that the

7-31  certificate of permission has been revoked or has expired.

7-32    Sec. 12.  NRS 122.071 is hereby amended to read as follows:

7-33    122.071  Any minister or other person authorized to solemnize

7-34  marriages whose application for a certificate of permission to perform

7-35  marriages or renewal of such a certificate is denied, or whose certificate

7-36  of permission to perform marriages is revoked [,] by the county clerk

7-37  pursuant to subsection 1 of NRS 122.068, is entitled to judicial review of

7-38  such action in the district court of the county in which such action was

7-39  taken.

7-40    Sec. 13.  NRS 122.073 is hereby amended to read as follows:

7-41    122.073  [Each]

7-42    1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, each county clerk

7-43  may prescribe additional regulations, which [shall] do not conflict with the

7-44  provisions of this chapter, relating to the issuance , renewal and revocation

7-45  of certificates of permission[.] to perform marriages.

7-46    2.  A county clerk shall not prescribe additional regulations which

7-47  affect the eligibility of a person to obtain or renew a certificate of

7-48  permission to perform marriages.

 


8-1    Sec. 14.  NRS 122.090 is hereby amended to read as follows:

8-2    122.090  No marriage solemnized before any person professing to be a

8-3  judge, justice, minister, commissioner of civil marriages , [or] deputy

8-4  commissioner of civil marriages or other person professing to be

8-5  authorized to solemnize marriages shall be deemed or adjudged to be

8-6  void, nor shall the validity thereof be in any way affected on account of

8-7  any want of jurisdiction or authority, provided it be consummated with a

8-8  full belief on the part of the persons so married, or either of them, that they

8-9  have been lawfully joined in marriage.

8-10    Sec. 15.  NRS 122.110 is hereby amended to read as follows:

8-11    122.110  1.  In the solemnization of marriage, no particular form is

8-12  required except that the parties shall declare, in the presence of the justice,

8-13  judge, minister, justice of the peace, commissioner of civil marriages , [or]

8-14  deputy commissioner of civil marriages[,] or other person authorized to

8-15  solemnize marriages, and the attending witness, that they take each other

8-16  as husband and wife.

8-17    2.  In every case there shall be at least one witness present besides the

8-18  person performing the ceremony.

8-19    Sec. 16.  NRS 122.120 is hereby amended to read as follows:

8-20    122.120  1.  After a marriage is solemnized, the person solemnizing

8-21  the marriage shall give to each couple being married a certificate of

8-22  marriage.

8-23    2.  The certificate of marriage must be in substantially the following

8-24  form:

 

8-25  State of Nevada

8-26  Marriage Certificate

 

8-27  State of Nevada      }

8-28                                }ss.

8-29  County of.............. }

 

8-30    This is to certify that the undersigned, ................................ (a minister ,

8-31  [of the gospel,] judge, justice of the peace of ................................ County,

8-32  commissioner of civil marriages , [or] deputy commissioner of civil

8-33  marriages[,] or other person authorized to solemnize marriages, as the

8-34  case may be), did on the ................ day of the month of .......... of the year

8-35  ..............., at ................ (address or church), ................ (city), Nevada, join

8-36  in lawful wedlock ................ (name), of ................ (city), State of

8-37  ................ and ................ (name), of ................(city), State of ................

8-38  with their mutual consent, in the presence of ................ and ................

8-39  (witnesses).

8-40                                                                               ...............................

8-41                                 Signature of person performing

8-42  (Seal of County Clerk)                  the marriage

8-43                                                                               ...............................

8-44                              Name under signature typewritten

8-45  or printed in black ink                                                               

8-46                                                              


9-1  ..................................

9-2        County Clerk

9-3                                                                               ...............................

9-4                               Official title of person performing

9-5                                                      the marriage

9-6  ..................................

9-7  ..................................

9-8  Couple’s mailing address

 

9-9    3.  All information contained in the certificate of marriage must be

9-10  typewritten or legibly printed in black ink, except the signatures. The

9-11  signature of the person performing the marriage must be an original

9-12  signature.

9-13    Sec. 17.  NRS 122.220 is hereby amended to read as follows:

9-14    122.220  1.  It is unlawful for any supreme court justice, judge of a

9-15  district court, justice of the peace, municipal judge, minister , [of any

9-16  religious society or congregation,] commissioner of civil marriages , [or]

9-17  deputy commissioner of civil marriages or other person authorized to

9-18  solemnize marriages to join together as husband and wife persons allowed

9-19  by law to be joined in marriage, until the persons proposing such marriage

9-20  exhibit to him a license from the county clerk as provided by law.

9-21    2.  Any supreme court justice, judge of a district court, justice of the

9-22  peace, municipal judge, minister, commissioner of civil marriages , [or]

9-23  deputy commissioner of civil marriages or other person authorized to

9-24  solemnize marriages who violates the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty

9-25  of a misdemeanor.

9-26    Sec. 18. Section 3 of this act is hereby amended to read as follows:

9-27  Sec. 3.  1.  A minister or other person authorized to solemnize

9-28  marriages pursuant to NRS 122.064 may renew a certificate of

9-29  permission to perform marriages by filing a completed renewal form

9-30  with the county clerk of the county where the original affidavit of

9-31  authority to solemnize marriages was filed.

9-32  2.  The county clerk shall develop by regulation the form for

9-33  renewal and make the form available. [The form for renewal must

9-34  include the social security number of the minister or other person

9-35  authorized to solemnize marriages.]

9-36  3.  If a minister or other person authorized to solemnize marriages

9-37  does not file a renewal form at least 30 days before the last day that

9-38  his certificate of permission is valid, the authority of the minister or

9-39  other person authorized to solemnize marriages to perform marriages

9-40  will expire when the certificate is no longer valid.

9-41    Sec. 19. Notwithstanding the provisions of this act, the certificate of

9-42  permission to perform marriages of a minister or other person authorized to

9-43  solemnize marriages which is 5 years or older on October 1, 2001, or

9-44  which will expire within 1 year after January 1, 2002, expires 90 days after

9-45  written notice has been mailed by the county clerk to the address of the

9-46  certificate holder contained in the files of the county clerk unless, within

9-47  that time, the certificate holder renews his certificate in the manner

9-48  provided in section 3 of this act.


10-1    Sec. 20. 1.  This section and sections 1 to 17, inclusive, and 19 of

10-2  this act become effective on October 1, 2001.

10-3    2.  Section 9 of this act expires by limitation on the date on which the

10-4  provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 666 requiring each state to establish procedures

10-5  under which the state has authority to withhold or suspend, or to restrict the

10-6  use of professional, occupational and recreational licenses of persons who:

10-7    (a) Have failed to comply with a subpoena or warrant relating to a

10-8  proceeding to determine the paternity of a child or to establish or enforce

10-9  an obligation for the support of a child; or

10-10  (b) Are in arrears in the payment for the support of one or more

10-11  children,

10-12  are repealed by the Congress of the United States.

10-13  3.  Section 18 of this act becomes effective on the date on which the

10-14  provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 666 requiring each state to establish procedures

10-15  under which the state has authority to withhold or suspend, or to restrict the

10-16  use of professional, occupational and recreational licenses of persons who:

10-17  (a) Have failed to comply with a subpoena or warrant relating to a

10-18  proceeding to determine the paternity of a child or to establish or enforce

10-19  an obligation for the support of a child; or

10-20  (b) Are in arrears in the payment for the support of one or more

10-21  children,

10-22  are repealed by the Congress of the United States.

 

10-23  H